Is the literary expression of trauma gendered

Introduction In order to understand whether the literary expression of trauma is gendered, Barbara Baynton’s novel, Human Toll can be employed in this analysis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the literary expression of trauma gendered? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This novel focuses on the contemporary Bildungsroman female subversion using genres that express traumatic experience. The main focus on the paper is on feminine’s embodiment of traumatic inheritance, which can be demonstrated through theme analysis on the female subject, and her colonized body. The work presents a typical example of a woman’s resistance making use of creative emergence, especially the application of Baynton’s skilled literary work that carefully employed melodrama and romance. For instance, melodrama has been used in the female’s narratives, especially in highlighting domestic violence that is the main source of traumatic abuse, demonstrating lack of chances for accessing traumatic management agency and cultural constraints that are put on women. The literary Expression of Trauma Overview Baynton’s literary work covered feminine issues such denying women the financial autonomy. Other traumatizing issues covered in the novel include limited women’s social power and their inability and lack of freedom to make independent decisions concerning the female’s childbearing or sexuality. This scholarly work failed to gain commercial success since the traumatizing expressions about the women’s issues did not go well with male writers. This literary work gives detailed account of a woman’s traumatic experience that facilitated the writer to explore the thematic issue of female prejudice, and this can be witnessed from her heroine, Ursula, who came as a result of female traumatic model, which presented her detailed accounts about male gender prejud ice.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The repeated trauma experiences triggered Ursula to engage in creative writing as a means to express her traumatized gender experience. In Ursula’s writing, she made a detailed account about her experience with the patriarchal culture. Analysis of Trauma and Literary expression Trauma threatens existence making it difficult to remember casual events that are characterized by insufficient encoding, and this might result into foreclosed memories. In such circumstances, the only way to discovering originary trauma is to carefully search for the recurring symbols in literary expressions. For example, in the novel, Human Toll, Ursula cannot vividly remember the death of her mother, and this failing memory can be attributed to female’s powerlessness. In her writings, Baynton ascertained that the ratio of male to female’s capability to resist trauma was 7:1 in Australia. Besides, there are expressions of sisterless, squatter’s daughter and motherless, which have been widely used in the bush stories. To her surprise, Ursula did not have a female relative in her genealogy and she ironically attained her education through the help of a male, a situation that advanced the traumatic repetition. Indeed, Ursula repressed the impact of disturbance when she struggled to attain survival means. The death of Ursula’s mother and her father’s expiry denied her the conscious knowledge about her father’s death, and she could not grieve. Ursula’s traumatized experience repressed what she was not capable of knowing, but she finally sank in sorrow and loneliness as the traumatic memory of her mother’s death surfaced.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the literary expression of trauma gendered? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Drawing facts from the novel, Human Toll, the Western society presents men as the beneficiaries of the gender bias since the male folks engage the females in endless conflicts, and the women are the ones to suffer trauma experience. Moreover, literary expressions employed in the novel, Human Toll, give significant account of trauma experiences as results of gender differences between the male and female. The gendered trauma can be attributed to the masculinist cultured society. Human Toll literary expression on trauma explores the possibility of achieving women empowerment and autonomous sexuality for the female gender. Moreover, women’s writings have explored more trauma issues than men’s writings, especially female prejudice so as to achieve women’s chastity. In fact, feminine writings are full of traumatic experiences in the perceived masculine world. The gendered differences are attributed to women’s language, style of writing and expression. Importantly, education has provided a revolutionary approach to the women writers who have found it to be the best method to thwart the oppressor’s traumatic experiences. Therefore, the women writers have found it possible to voice their concerns through writing without gagged forces from the male dominated writing world. This makes it possible for them to resist or escape from potential trauma. Conclusion In the analysis to determine whether literary expression of trauma is gendered, the paper has borrowed its argument from Baynton’s novel, Human Toll which explored the female traumatic experience in the Australian society.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The analysis began from traumatic experience to liberated world, where women are educated and capable of voicing their perceived threatening concerns on gender prejudice, some of which are not explored in male writings. The female barriers to achieve power, status and recognition in the society owe a lot to the prevailing cultural practices. In fact, the women’s traumatic experiences come as a result of their encounter with the perceived maculinist world. From this textual analysis, it can be ascertained that literary expression of trauma is gendered since it is different for male and female writers, and expressions of grief and sorrow such motherless and sisterless have been used to show the female trauma experiences. This essay on Is the literary expression of trauma gendered? was written and submitted by user Hussar to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

School of thought Essay Example

School of thought Essay Example School of thought Essay School of thought Essay Today’s psychologists can choose to view psychological phenomena from many various viewpoints, including biological perspective, learning perspective, cognitive perspective, sociocultural perspective, and the psychodynamic perspective. All of them can be utilised to make a contribution to the understanding of psychological phenomena, but the most relevant seems to be the sociocultural perspective. Unlike others, it accounts for a complex interplay of various factors rather than focus narrowly on one area. This perspective concentrates on â€Å"the social contexts that influence out behavior and mental processes, including such factors as gender, ethnic group, and social class† (â€Å"Psychology Today†, 2005). These factors define a lot in human lives in today’s world. Globalisation often causes cultural clashes, bringing issues related to ethnicity and culture closer to the surface. In my view, the role of sociacultural factors in shaping the psychological processes in the contemporary world has yet to be appreciated in full through scholarly research. In the meantime, I believe the application of this perspective would be highly useful for a practising counsellor. Today, social change happens at a much quicker rate than before, and social changes have a proved influence on the state of mind of the population.   Thus, scholars have arrived at the conclusion that â€Å"the incidence of mental illness rises in times of high unemployment† (MSN Encarta). For this reason I would believe the application of this perspective most useful for determination of complex psychological processes triggered by drastic changes in the surroundings, such as decreasing job security, shrinking of the middle class, shift in gender roles. The impact of society on the individual remains significant, and the psychologist needs to account for this impact. Refugees fleeing from zones of conflict, recently laid-off workers, expatriate executives having to function in totally new environments – all these people are affected by different sociocultural factors that are highly relevant to the study of their personalities. References Mental Illness. MSN Encarta. Retrieved October 12, 2005 from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566888_7/Mental_Illness.html. Psychology Today. (2005, February 13). Retrieved October 12, 2005 from everything2.com/index.pl?node=Psychology.

Major General Alexander Hayes in the Civil War

Major General Alexander Hayes in the Civil War Alexander Hays - Early Life Career: Born July 8, 1819 at Franklin, PA, Alexander Hays was the son state Representative Samuel Hays.   Raised in northwestern Pennsylvania, Hays attended school locally and became a skilled marksman and horseman.   Entering Allegheny College in 1836, he left the school in his senior year to accept an appointment to West Point.   Arriving at the academy, Hays classmates included Winfield S. Hancock, Simon B. Buckner, and Alfred Pleasonton.   One of the best horsemen at West Point, Hays became close personal friends with Hancock and Ulysses S. Grant who was a year ahead.   Graduating in 1844 ranked 20th in a class of 25, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 8th US Infantry. Alexander Hays - Mexican-American War: As tensions with Mexico increased following the annexation of Texas, Hays joined Brigadier General Zachary Taylors Army of Occupation along the border.   In early May 1846, following the Thornton Affair and beginning of the Siege of Fort Texas, Taylor moved to engage Mexican forces led by General Mariano Arista.   Engaging at the Battle of Palo Alto on May 8, the Americans won a clear victory. This was followed the next day by a second triumph at the Battle of Resaca de la Palma.   Active in both fights, Hays received a brevet promotion to first lieutenant for his performance.   As the Mexican-American War ensued, he remained in northern Mexico and took part in the campaign against Monterrey later that year. Transferred south in 1847 to Major General Winfield Scotts army, Hays took part in the campaign against Mexico City and later aided Brigadier General Joseph Lanes efforts during the Siege of Puebla.   With the end of the war in 1848, Hays elected to resign his commission and returned to Pennsylvania.   After working in the iron industry for two years, he traveled west to California in the hopes of making his fortune in the gold rush.   This proved unsuccessful and he soon returned to western Pennsylvania where he found work as an engineer for local railroads.   In 1854, Hays moved to Pittsburgh to commence employment as a civil engineer.    Alexander Hays - The Civil War Begins: With the beginning of the Civil War in April 1861, Hays applied to return to the US Army.   Commissioned as a captain in the 16th US Infantry, he left this unit in October to become colonel of the 63rd Pennsylvania Infantry.   Joining Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac, Hays regiment traveled to the Peninsula the following spring for operations against Richmond.   During the Peninsula Campaign and Seven Days Battles, Hays men were predominantly assigned to Brigadier General John C. Robinsons brigade of Brigadier General Philip Kearnys division in III Corps.   Moving up the Peninsula, Hays took part in the Siege of Yorktown and the fighting at Williamsburg and Seven Pines.            After participating in the Battle of Oak Grove on June 25, Hays men repeatedly saw action during the Seven Days Battles as General Robert E. Lee launched a series of attacks against McClellan.   At the Battle of Glendale on June 30, he earned high praise when he led a bayonet charge to cover the retreat of a Union artillery battery.   In action again the next day, Hays helped repel Confederate attacks at the Battle of Malvern Hill.   With the end of the campaign a short time later, he departed for a month of sick leave due to partial blindness and paralysis of his left arm caused by combat service. Alexander Hays - Ascent to Division Command: With the failure of the campaign on the Peninsula, III Corps moved north to join Major General John Popes Army of Virginia.   As part of this force, Hays returned to action in late August at the Second Battle of Manassas.   On August 29, his regiment spearheaded an assault by Kearnys division on Major General Thomas Stonewell Jacksons lines.   In the fighting, Hays received a severe wound in his leg.   Taken from the field, he received a promotion to brigadier general on September 29.   Recovering from his wound, Hays resumed active duty in early 1863.   Leading a brigade in the Washington, DC defenses, he remained there until late spring when his brigade was assigned to Major General William Frenchs 3rd Division of the Army of the Potomacs II Corps.   On June 28, French was transferred to another assignment, and Hays, as the senior brigade commander, took command of the division. Serving under his old friend Hancock, Hays division arrived at the Battle of Gettysburg late on July 1 and assumed a position towards the northern end of Cemetery Ridge.   Largely inactive on July 2, it played a key role in repelling Picketts Charge the next day.   Shattering the left side of the enemy assault, Hays also pushed part of his command out to flank the Confederates.   In the course of the fighting, he lost two horses but remained uninjured.   As the enemy retreated, Hays flamboyantly seized a captured Confederate battle flag and rode before his lines dragging it in the dirt.   Following the Union victory, he retained command of the division and led it during the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns that fall.    Alexander Hays - Final Campaigns In early February, Hays division took part in the abortive Battle of Mortons Ford which saw it sustain over 250 casualties.   Following the engagement, members of the 14th Connecticut Infantry, which had sustained the bulk of the losses, accused Hays of being drunk during the fighting.   Though no evidence to this was produced or immediate action taken, when the Army of the Potomac was reorganized by Grant in March, Hays was reduced to brigade command.   Though unhappy with this change in circumstances, he accepted it as it permitted him to serve under his friend Major General David Birney.   When Grant commenced his Overland Campaign in early May, Hays immediately saw action at the Battle of the Wilderness.   In the fighting on May 5, Hays led his brigade forward and was killed by Confederate bullet to the head.   When informed of his friends death, Grant commented, â€Å"He was a noble man and a gallant officer.   I am not surprised that he met his death at the head of his troops.   He was a man that would never follow, but would always lead in battle.† Hays remains were returned to Pittsburgh where they were interred in the citys Allegheny Cemetery.   Ã‚     Ã‚   Selected Sources Major General Alexander HaysHistory Central - Alexander HaysUnion Generals: Alexander Hays

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 25

Reflection paper - Essay Example The outcome of these stressors is that these stressors decrease the quality of work, make an individual experience burnout and even disturbs the wok/life balance of an individual. Due to excessive work load, individuals spend extra time in their workplaces and at times they work late night hours. Due to this they do not get enough rest and their relationship with their family members deteriorate as the individual fails to provide them with enough time. Improved time management skills will help me in managing my workload in an effective and efficient manner. Development of time management skills will help in differentiating and prioritizing work in accordance to their deadlines. This will help in insuring that the work that needs to be completed first is completed on time and then the individual focused on the assignments that are to be completed later. One strategy that can be implemented to deal with workplace stress is to make changes to the lifestyle (Floyd 64). If an individual w ho is suffering from workload and lack of time decreases unproductive or unnecessary tasks from their life, the time saved can be used for work and family time. 2. Pick an organization with which you are well acquainted and list some areas needing change that could use an action research approach. Choose one of these areas and tell us how data could be collected. 2. The term action research is used to refer to the practice of research that is first conducted to identify a particular problem and then take actions to counter the problem. Action research is a continuous process because the process of research is conducted once again after a solution is implemented to identify how well the solution has worked and if further solutions are required to correct the problem. One organization that needs a change is Wal-Mart and the organization needs to make changes to its current human resource management

Stronger legislatures bring stronger and more stable democracy Essay

Stronger legislatures bring stronger and more stable democracy - Essay Example It is extremely difficult to achieve all three dimensions, and this explains its evasiveness. This essay will first introduce the concept of a stable democracy and then explain the role of a strong legislature in its existence. The essay will then use the UK and US legislatures as examples of the effect of strong legislatures on stable democracies and explain how these countries’ legislatures have contributed to their sound democracies. Finally, the essay will reaffirm the stance adopted by stating that stronger legislatures are vital for stable democracies. To understand the impact of legislatures on democracy, it is first necessary to understand that legislatures are, in most countries, branches of the executive (Saathoff, 2012:48). Their common role of making laws means that they are one of the ruling arms of any governments in which they exist. In addition, in most countries, legislatures are tasked with checking the powers and actions of heads of state. These two roles (law making and power checking) are key to gaining a critical perspective of the impacts of legislatures on democracy and stable democracies, in particular (Lelan, 2012:29). Let us consider two countries that often come to mind whenever the subject of stable democracies comes up: the United Kingdom and the United States. In the United States, the modern world’s beacon of democracy, Congress is the legislating body. Looking at the history of America, it is easy to see that Congress has been at the heart of most laws that have defined the country’s democr atic leadership and its institutional strengths. As a matter of fact, the US Congress is the perfect example of a well-oiled, purpose-driven, and powerful legislature (Roper, 2013:37). The powers of the Congress, and the manner in which it exercises them have made it both a representative of the American public in the government and a formidable critic of the same government (Barkan, 2008:131). Congress checks

Interest groups Essay Example for Free

Interest groups Essay More than any other group special interest groups hold an enormous amount of sway in the American political system. What is interesting here is the fact that most of the public looks upon special interest groups with disdain. There are a number of reasons for this but before the reasons can be defined special interests must be defined. An interest group is an organized faction that seeks to sway political influence that is favorable to them. For example, many corporations pressure politicians to ease immigration laws because they earn enormous volumes of money by using labor that is generally inexpensive. When it comes to the effect that special interest groups have on democratic pluralism, the effect is generally negative. The reason for this is that special interest groups undermine the democratic process and this frustrates the public to a significant degree. Probably the most significant area that voters express frustration in is the notion that special interest groups are favored by politicians more than the popular will of the American people. That is, if a special interest group promotes an item or an agenda that is opposed by the vast majority of the America people, politicians will still give significant attention to the special interest groups and then will side with the special interest groups against the will of the people. This creates a significant amount of anger and discontent on the part of the voters because it leads to a situation where the representative form of government is no longer acting in a manner that would be deemed representative. In other words, the elected officials no longer promote the interests of the public, but rather promote the interests of front groups, elitists and corporatists. Sadly, this assessment – while somewhat oversimplified – is very close to accurate. One of the reasons that special interest groups have such influence is because an enormous amount of money is required to run a successful election and special interest groups bring with them a great deal of money. While this may seem like a cynical assessment of the current political landscape it is also an accurate one. It would be next to impossible for someone such as James Madison to support the current situation where special interest groups yield significant sway in the government arena. While Madison did understand that political factions were inevitable and also not inherently bad, his belief system (like most of the framers) was generally influenced by John Locke and Locke’s belief in the Social Contract. Within the framework of the Social Contract it is explicitly stated that the government is supposed to protect the inalienable rights of the individual. When the goals of special interests are placed above the needs and benefit of the American people, then the entire notion of the Social Contract is undermined. As such, it would be difficult to believe that Madison would support the current landscape of special interest groups that dominate American politics. Granted, while there is much discontent in the United States regarding special interest groups these groups will never go away. These groups are well funded and their money is welcomed by politicians. As such, interest groups will remain on the political landscape forever and ever. Literally. Bibliography Madison, J. , Hamilton, A. , and Jay, J. (Date Unknown)THE FEDERALIST PAPERS. Retrieved 4 September 2007 from http://patriotpost. us/fedpapers/fedpapers. html Scheikart, Larry. A PATRIOT’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. New York: Penguin, 2007. Zinn, Howard. A PEOPLE’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. New York: Harper’s, 2007.

Civil Disobedience Essay example -- Papers Thoreau Laws Morals Essays

Civil Disobedience Works Cited Not Included I believe that civil disobedience is justified as a method of trying to change the law. I think that civil disobedience is an expression of one's viewpoints. If someone is willing to break a law for what they believe in, more power to them! Civil disobedience is defined as, "the refusal to obey the demands or commands of a government or occupying power, without resorting to violence or active measures of opposition" (Webster's Dictionary). This refusal usually takes the form of passive resistance. Its usual purpose is to force concessions from the government or occupying power. Civil disobedience has been a major tactic and philosophy of nationalist movements in Africa and India, in the civil rights movement of U.S. blacks, and of labor and anti-war movements in many countries. People practicing civil disobedience break a law because they consider it unjust and hope to call attention to it. In his essay, "Civil Disobedience," American author Henry David Thoreau set forth the b asic tenets of civil disobedience for the first time. The independence of India in the 1930's was largely a result of the nonviolent resistance by Mohandas Gandhi to the British colonial laws. In the United States, the nonmilitant efforts of Martin Luther King, Jr., helped bring about civil rights legislation. There are numerous examples that illustrate how civil disobedience is justified. In late 1955 Rosa Parks, a leading member of the local branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was jailed for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger. I don't blame Parks at all for what she did. The African American people had to take a stand on some issue... ...because it is not right to ban a piece of literature no matter how unethical it is. These laws limit human freedom and hinder spontaneity. I think there are always times when disobeying a law is morally justified. "They are sometimes unfair and repressive; common sense, social custom, and religion already provide enough guidance; and morality can never be legislated" (Kessler 154). Thoreau argued that any given law is not as high or not above what you believe in or what your conscious tells you is right. "We all have a moral duty to obey our consciences" (Kessler 154). I believe it is very clear how I stand on the subject of civil disobedience. After researching this topic and formulating my own opinions I have learned a great deal about my morals and myself. It simply shocks me when I think of the accomplishments of people like King, Gandhi, and Thoreau.

Time Is More Valuable

â€Å"Time is more valuable than money. You can get more money, but you cannot get more time. † In the essay â€Å"How America Has Run Out Of Time†, Nancy Gibbs discusses how the inclusion of technology into the workforce has a negative impact on the lives of Americans. Technology was designed to make work easier and faster providing extra time that can be spent freely. Instead, it had the opposite effect causing longer work hour and less time for family. I believe technology in the work place may have a deeper impact American life. Technology has helped to change the nature of the work.Technology like the Internet has helped to connect businesses internally as well as globally with information. Communication has become fast and simple with the use of email and video or phone conference, but at the same time it has made the work place impersonal. With this it reduces the need to meet face to face. Socialization within the work place decrease and there is less â€Å"wat er cooler moments† where employees meet and have conversations. There is a decrease sense of trust, bonds and teamwork present. With the decline in trust there is a decline in work-life balance.Technology provides us with a limitless supply of information and a way to stay connected. â€Å"There are phones in the car, laptops in the den, and humming fax machine eliminates the once peaceful lull between completing a document and delivering it. (602)† The constant connectivity slowly blurs the line between work and leisure. In a sense people are always working. People are able to continue their work at home after leaving the office or even work from home. Even when they are not working, employees can access and reply to email messages from work via their computer and cell phone.As work days increased, negative health effects did as well. Long working hours does not only affect a worker's productivity. Long hours meant less time for an individual to rest, which can create sleeping problems and increase the chance of being in a work related accident. Another result can be the rise of stress due to the need of a competitive advantage. The stress can lead to either high blood pressure and heart disease or bad health habits such as smoking and unhealthy eating. More time spent working meant less time with the family.Some parents feel strained and fatigued trying to juggle the responsibilities at home and at work. Most times this breaks the bond between parent and children because there is less focus on the child. As parents are working, the child is taken care of by a babysitter. Other times the child might take up the parental role and take care of themselves while the parents are away. â€Å"The very culture of children, of freedom and fantasy and kids teaching kids to play jacks, is collapsing under the weight of hectic family schedule. 605)† The structure of American life has changed since technology was introduced in the work force. People ar e on a fast pace schedule to deal with the time constraint caused by work. The accessibility of technology is causing people to overwork to combat the competition faced in the economical market. Overworking causes strain on our own lives and the family life, whether it is neglecting the responsibilities and duties as a parent or not spending time with our spouse. As the sun set and comes close to the end, ask yourself if you are able to find some free time from work?

Chapter 10 Review Sheet Photosynthesis

Biol 1406, Instructor: Alice Zhou Updated 4/18/12 Chapter 10: Photosynthesis 1. Describe the energy transformation that occurs in photosynthesis. Solar energy to chemical energy specifically stored in sugar. SolarChemical energy (sugar) 2. Write the summary equation of photosynthesis. Solar + 6CO2 +6H2O C6H12O6+6O2 (simple)Complex 3. Photosynthesis produces organic sugar molecules. Where does the carbon come from in making the sugars? From carbon dioxide 4. Aerobic cellular respiration is catabolic, exergonic and oxygen requiring. What about photosynthesis?Anabolic, endergonic, O2-releasing 5. What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Autotrophs create their own food by photosynthesis heterotrophs don’t. 6. Name some photoautotrophs. Plants Algae Photosynthetic Bacteria 7. Draw and label these parts of chloroplasts: thylakoid, granum, stroma, outer and inner membrane. 8. What type of cells in a plant will contain chloroplast? What type of cells contain mitoch ondria and why? Every single plant cell will have mitochondria, some plant cells only the green ones will contain chloroplasts. 9. The Nature of Light and Pigments . What wavelength range is the source of light for photosynthesis? Gamma X-RaysU. VVisible (VIBGYOR: ROYGBIV backwards)Infrared Radio Small wavelength350nm750nmWavelength b. What are photons? * Massless * Carry fixed amount of energy (packet of energy) * Travels at speed of light c. What are pigment molecules? Selectively absorbing visible light (chemical) -350-450nm d. Name three types of photosynthetic pigments found in green plants. Note which one is the main one, which ones are accessory pigments. * Chlorophyll A (MAIN) * Chlorophyll B (minor %) * Carotenoid (minor %) e.What makes chloroplasts or leaves green and why? Green is being reflected because it is not absorbed. f. How can you easily separate them out experimentally? Paper Chromatography g. Plot an absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a. Be sure to use correct p arameters on x and y axis. 10. Organization of pigments in photosystems. a) What is the concept of a photosystem? b) Photosystems are organized into two subcomponents: * antenna complex: Lots of pigments (A, B, and carotenoids) Pigments along with some proteins that organize some pigments about 200 found, scaffold proteins reaction center complex A pair of chlorophyll A are found proteins are organized and shape reactions. PEA are bound here. * (T/F? ) In either complex, membrane proteins are present to anchor and support the functions of pigment and other organic molecules. 11. Light interacts with pigments h. When photons strike the pigment molecules in the chloroplast, what immediately happens? _ Photoexcitation_____. After that, what can happen to the electrons in the photosystem? Describe two outcomes in diagrams. Electrons fall back to ground state Electrons transferred to PEAElectrons fall back to ground state Electrons transferred to PEA i. In outcome 1, electrons fall back to ground state. Inductive resonance: energy of the excited electron, but not the electron itself, is transferred to a neighboring pigment molecule, exciting the second pigment molecule. Very little energy is lost in this ENERGY transfer. j. In outcome 2, electrons are transferred to PEA (Primary Electron Acceptor): _________ reaction has occurred. The pigment molecule that has lost the electrons is___________, whereas the PEA is reduced because it gains an electron.This actually happens to two chlorophyll a pigments (RCCA) located at reaction center in a photosystem. k. Draw a diagram of photosystem to illustrates both outcomes as photons interact with pigments: 12. Light reactions l. Describe the events that have led to the redox reaction at the reaction center. 1) Photon strike Antenna Pigments 2) Photoexcitation of pigment electrons 3) Inductive resonance 4) Photoexcitation of another pigment eventually 5) Energy passed on to RCCA (reaction center chlorophyll A) 6) Photoexcitati on of RCCA 7) m.Electrons from PEA flow â€Å"downhill† in energy level through a series of electron carriers embedded in thylakoid membrane. Energy lost by the electrons is used to synthesize ____________ molecules through ______________________ process, similar in mechanisms to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. n. Ultimately electrons are passed from the electron carriers to ___________ and reduce it to NADPH by the enzyme NADP+ reductase. o. Draw a diagram of the above events. Note the direction of pumping, diffusion and the site of ATP synthesis. p.Trace the electron flow in light reactions starting from the source of electrons. (non-cyclic electron flow) q. What supplies the source of all of the electrons in this electron flow to make sure that RCCA will not run out of electrons? What is the by-product of this donation of electrons to RCCA? r. Light reactions produce ATP and NADPH. Why is the synthesis of these two compounds necessary? s. Sum it up: What go into the light reaction and what come out of the light reaction? List all components. 13. Now let’s move onto the next stage: Calvin cycle t. What does it accomplish? . Where does Calvin cycle occur? v. What is the key enzyme? What is special about this enzyme? w. The immediate product of Calvin cycle is G3P _________________________. What other products can be made out of G3P? 14. Integrating Light Reaction with Calvin Cycle. (understand the relationship) x. What is the overall flow of electrons in photosynthesis? y. As you turn off the light in your room, the plant in your room ceases light reactions immediately, what about Calvin cycle reactions? z. If an inhibitor inhibits Calvin cycle, would the light reaction keep going?

Three Gorges Dam essays

Three Gorges Dam essays What? A controversial dam construction site in central China, along the Yangtze River. The proposed size of the dam is roughly two kilometers across, and would rise about 185 meters into the air, causing a giant man-made lake. Cost? $24.5 billion United States dollars, or $191.1 billion Chinese dollars. Three Gorges dam in central Hubei province say the structure could possibly increase flooding. When? The dam is to be completed in 2009, was officially started in 1994, after the idea was 75 years in the making Where? Central Hubei province, along the Yangtze River Side Effects? More than a million people are being moved to make way for the project, provoke the sort of floods currently seen in the region, fertile agricultural lands will be destroyed, rare and endangered fish species will be threatened with extinction, and important archaeological sites will be forever lost under a man-made sea, Threatens 75 million jobs dependent on the Yangtze river (fishermen, farmers,) political te nsions. Why? To create protection for flooding in the central Three Gorges valley. The Yangtze River has a history of flooding, due to the geographical features of the area. The dam would also provide 18,200 megawatts of power to the Yangtze River valley and surrounding areas. Yangtze! Yangtze! Yangtze! Yangtze! was an independently published collection of interviews and essays critical of the three gorges dam project sent out in 1989. It spoken by the books editors at the press conference organized by, author Chengjing Jie declared: "We hope the authorities halt this big-name, big-money, low-benefit project that serves as a monument to a handful of people." The critics' news release stated: "For the first time ordinary Chinese people will not keep silent on a weighty economic policy decision. They don't want to see an endless repetition of foolish policies. Yangtze! Yangtze!'s authors had released the book in the hopes of influencing ...

What Does a Data Entry Specialist Do and How Much Do They Make

What Does a Data Entry Specialist Do and How Much Do They Make In a world poised between paper and digital information, data entry specialists play a vital role.   If youre technologically savvy, detail-oriented, and comfortable working with massive amounts of information, a career as a data entry specialist may be right for you. Heres what you need to know about this important job.The 411 on data entry specialistsAlso known as data entry keyers, these professionals translate a variety of paper documents from a number of disparate sources into digital form. These may include anything from reports to bills to canceled checks. After electronically entering information for storage, data entry specialists review the work for verification purposes, ensuring that its both accurate and accessible.While data entry specialists typically use computers to input information, they also use other specialized equipment, such as scanners and photo composing perforators, depending on the nature of the hard copy and the storage system in use.Unfortunately, the competition for jobs for data entry specialists may become steep in the years ahead. as we increasingly move toward a paper-less society, the need for data entry specialists is expected to decline. the Bureau of Labor Statistics groups data entry specialists under the heading of general office clerks, with a projected job outlook of just six percent growth between 2012 and 2022.The average salary for a general office clerk is $27,470 per year, although top earners bring home significantly more. The most lucrative fields for data entry specialists include government and healthcare positions. In addition to a regular salary, many data entry jobs also come with desirable benefits.Find top  data entry specialist jobs nowThe benefits of being a data entry specialistData entry specialists work in a wide range of settings from education to business. Generally, these environments are considered to be comfortable, pleasant places to work.   Additionally, the rise of telecommuting opens new doors for data entry specialists for whom remote work is now a possibility.One of the biggest upsides of working in this field is that educational requirements are minimal. Entry-level data entry jobs are available to candidates with high school diplomas or GED, although employers strongly favor candidates with typing skills. Other sought after data entry specialist skills include the ability to work with computers and applications, such as word and spreadsheets. Many community colleges offer coursework focuses on strengthening this skill set.Additionally, because data entry specialists deal in information, the ability to see and read information is essential. Speed is also handy, as well as the ability to effectively manage your time due to the large amounts of information which may cross your desk.Another advantage of taking a job as a data entry specialist? because these professionals fall under the umbrella of office clerks, there is potential for growth into other areas ra nging from medical transcriptionist to administrative assistant. not only that, but youll be a more viable candidate if and when you do try to transition to another field thanks to the skills you acquired on the job.As we continue to make the transition from paper to digital data, data entry specialists are a necessary part of the process. if youre looking for a job with minimal educational requirements along with the opportunity to use and grow your professional skill set, a career in data entry may be a fulfilling fit.

Contemporary Theories of political Economy final essay

Contemporary Theories of political Economy final - Essay Example Thus in order to fathom the basis of the economical crisis that emerged during the late 1060s and the early 1970s, a more thorough and wide-ranging approach needs to be taken. At the start of the 1970s, the opinionated left had created strict doctrinal views about the purpose of capitalism. They believed that capitalism was inherently a system of exploitation and oppression (Jà ¸rgensen 125). The global and economic activities that took place in the 1960s were largely the result of capitalism as it had emerged since the Great Depression. However the 1970s were witness to a crisis and transformation of capitalism, initially displaying its faults but later on escaping the clutches of the left. Indications of a crisis were being sighted in the late 1960s, attributable not merely to the global unrest of 1968 but also due to the fact that the economic system was not fail-proof to the pervasive effects of crisis in capitalist systems. One of the major effects of the protest cycle that had initiated in 1968 was the emergence of newly revived working class militancy (Jà ¸rgensen 125). This militancy was responsible for shattering the peace of the labor market that had been present for a long time now. The time period between 1968 and 1972 attested to a series of strikes in Western Europe, specifically characteristic of wildcat strikes that were held beyond the structural setup of negotiation. Jà ¸rgensen observes that â€Å"the official trade union leaderships were more often than not taken by surprise by their members’ militancy† (125). The unrest occurring during this time period, along with the fall of the Bretton Woods system and the dollar crisis, cumulated together and made the global crisis into an impending reality. It was in 1973 that the crisis finally struck, and the hopes of stable capitalism as a reasonably organized perpetuum